While scientists discovered the phenomenon of electroluminescence —
where a material gives off light when an electric current or field is
passed through it — more than one hundred years ago, it wasn’t until the
1960s that LEDs as we know them today started to appear. However, 1960s
LEDs were a far cry from the ones now used to light houses, streets,
television screens, and mobile devices. In fact, it’s only really in the
last ten years that LEDs have matured enough to underpin the wide-scale
luminescent revolution now taking place. So how do LEDs work, and
what’s the story of their rapid rise to prominence?
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How LEDs work
LEDs work differently from incandescent or
fluorescent lighting. Traditional incandescent lighting works by heating
a material up to make it glow. Fluorescent lights use electrical
current to make mercury vapor emit ultraviolet (UV) light, which in turn
causes a layer of phosphor on the inside of the light tube to glow.
LEDs, on the other hand, contain a piece of
semiconductor material made up of two distinct sides – one positive and
one negative – known as a p-n junction. The positive side has “holes” in
it that catch electrons as an electrical current is passed through the
material. When the electrons are driven to fall into the holes, they
release energy as light. The color of the light given off depends on the
wavelength of energy the electrons release, which is determined by the
materials the semiconductor is made of. As a result, the development of
different colors of LED is closely tied to materials science and the
development of semiconductors that enable ever-shorter wavelengths to be
released in a very precise and controlled way.
Where to next?
LED technology has evolved incredibly fast over the
last few decades, going from being the standby light on your television
to the light behind the display itself. With Haitz’s law continuing to
hold, expect to see better, brighter, and more affordable LEDs
permeating into every corner of our lives. So the next time you buy a
smartphone, computer, TV or bulb, think back to earlier versions that
you’ve bought. Marvel at what an incredible difference LEDs have made to
the size and power requirements of artificial light in a remarkably
short space of time.
Feel free to leave any question, comments or
suggestions in the comment section below. For more articles on new
trends, latest news, installation tips in LED space, check our blog for
weekly posts as well as our Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, or LinkedIn. As always we here at Oorjam.com are willing to step up to the plate to answer your everyday lighting questions and challenges.
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